Scientists from the University of Manchester have proven chemical bonding between thorium atoms for the first time
Researchers from the University of Manchester have succeeded in experimentally proving an important phenomenon in chemistry that had remained theoretical for many years. Zamin.uz reported on this.
For the first time, scientists have experimentally confirmed the existence of a direct chemical bond between thorium atoms, which are considered heavy elements. This discovery opens a new era in understanding the properties of the most complex and heavy metals in the periodic table of elements.
Chemical bonding usually occurs as a result of the sharing of electrons between atoms. However, proving this process for heavy elements like thorium was very difficult.
The reason is that the behavior of electrons in such elements differs fundamentally from that of light elements, and observing them directly was considered nearly impossible. To overcome this obstacle, scientists used a special method of quantum crystallography.
During the research, a method called Hirshfeld Atom Refinement was applied. This method allowed for the precise observation of electron distribution in heavy element compounds.
The researchers studied two different clusters of thorium: in the first case, they observed three atoms sharing one electron, and in the second case, two electrons. Despite the complexity of the system, this method succeeded in recording signs of chemical bonding.
The results showed that the change in the number of shared electrons directly affects the bonding properties. Most importantly, the results of this experiment fully matched previously performed theoretical calculations.
This serves as the first direct evidence of the existence of chemical bonding between thorium atoms. Another important aspect of this work is the convenience of the method used.
This method combines standard X-ray radiation data with quantum-mechanical calculations. This makes it much easier and cheaper than traditional electron density analysis methods.
Previous methods required ultra-high-quality crystals and complex laboratory conditions. According to the authors of the study, the new approach will be useful not only for studying thorium compounds but also for other complex materials where electron movement is difficult to observe.
This discovery is expected to be an important foundation for the future development of nuclear energy, the creation of new types of materials, and technologies for safe handling of radioactive elements. For Uzbek specialists, studying this methodology could take research in materials science and fundamental chemistry to a new level.
Unlocking the secrets of heavy metal chemistry promises great prospects not only for theoretical science but also for practical industry.
