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The Bayer club of Leverkusen rejected an offer from the Neom club of Saudi Arabia for midfielder Granit Jaka, even though the Swiss footballer wants to change clubs. This was reported by Euro-football.ru. Journalist Sasha Tavolieri reported this. According to the source, the Saudi club only offered Bayer 8 million euros. However, Bayer plans to receive a larger sum of 15 million euros for the midfielder. Jaka is firmly determined to move to Saudi Arabia. Earlier, there were reports that the Swiss footballer had reached an agreement with the Neom club. Granit Jaka has been playing for Bayer since the summer of 2023. Prior to that, he spent seven years at London’s Arsenal club. Currently, negotiations regarding the player's transfer are ongoing. Bayer club remains firm in its stance regarding its player, considering the offer unsatisfactory. Decisions regarding the player's future are expected to be clarified soon.

Zenit team chairman Aleksandr Medvedev announced the return date of Brazilian midfielder Markus Vendel to the team. This was reported by Euro-football.ru. According to Medvedev, the player will join the team on July 16. He has already set off and is expected to arrive tomorrow morning. Previously, the Brazilian player did not participate in the team's training sessions, and the reason for his absence was not officially announced. Medvedev mentioned that the player has an injury. At the same time, media reports circulated that Vendel wants to leave Zenit and is looking for a new team. Upon his return to Saint Petersburg, he may face administrative penalties from Zenit. The club management is closely monitoring the player's situation and is trying to keep the situation under control. These circumstances are considered important for maintaining discipline and order within the team. The player's return will be significant for the team's upcoming matches. The relationship between the club and the player is planned to continue consistently in the future.

Rinat Bilyaletdinov, the former coach of Kazan "Rubin" team, expressed his thoughts on the goals of Moscow "Dinamo" for the new season. This was reported by Euro-football.ru. According to him, the "Dinamo" team should fight for gold medals; other goals are not acceptable for such a large club. Last season, they had the opportunity to win the Russian championship but faced failure in the final stage. Great effort is required in football, and eventually, luck smiles upon you. It should also be noted that Valeriy Karpin was appointed as the head coach of "Dinamo" in June. Last season, the team finished the championship in fifth place, failing to show the expected results. However, in the previous season, under the leadership of head coach Marsel Lichka, "Dinamo" fought for the championship until the last minutes of the 30th round. This situation indicates that the team has high potential. In the new season, "Dinamo" must exert all its efforts to achieve its best results.

The "Akron" football team from Tolyatti has announced its goals for the 2025/2026 season of the Russian Premier League. This was reported by Euro-football.ru. The team plans to compete for a place in the top eight during the season. Last season was the first participation for "Akron" in the top league of Russian football. The team owner Pavel Anatolyevich Morozov recently emphasized in an interview with the media that the team aims to secure seventh or eighth place. Head coach Zaur Tedeev noted the need to strengthen certain positions. At the end of last season, "Akron" secured ninth place in the league table. It was also reported that the best goalscorer in the history of Russian football, Artyom Dzyuba, has extended his contract with the club for another season. The team is preparing to achieve even stronger results in the new season.

Ilya Shkurin, who previously played for the CSKA team and is currently active in Poland's "Legia" club, refused to fly to Kazakhstan with his team. This was reported by Euro-football.ru. On July 17, the return match of the first qualifying round of the Europa League will take place. In this match, the "Legia" team will face Kazakhstan's "Aktobe" club. According to Polish journalist Krzysztof Marchinyak's post on social media, Shkurin is afraid of persecution for political reasons. He is concerned because he criticized the actions of Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko. According to the footballer, the security agencies of Belarus and Kazakhstan may attempt to arrest him in cooperation. In the first match, "Legia" won 1:0. It is also worth noting that Russian clubs have been banned from participating in European competitions since 2022.

20-year-old left-wing midfielder Malik Diouf from Senegal has transferred to London’s West Ham club. This was reported by Euro-football.ru. The young player joined from the Prague team Slavia. The deal between the Czech and English clubs is estimated to be worth 22 million euros. This is Diouf's third club in his professional career in Europe, having played for Norway's Tromsø from 2023 to 2024. He also has four appearances for the Senegal national team. Last season, West Ham finished 14th in the English Premier League, collecting 43 points. This summer, the Hammers sold one of their key stars, Ghanaian player Mohammed Kudus, to Tottenham. This became the second most expensive transfer in West Ham's history, with Declan Rice's sale in 2023 taking the top spot.

The English club "Sunderland" is showing interest in the services of 23-year-old Belgian goalkeeper Senne Lammens. This was reported by Euro-football.ru. This was reported by the GVA publication. Currently, Lammens is playing for his home country Belgium team "Antwerp". According to this source, Turkish club "Galatasaray" and representatives from the English Premier League, "Manchester United" and "Leeds" are also competing to acquire the goalkeeper. Additionally, "Sunderland" is considering the possibility of transferring Southampton player Aaron Ramsdale. Last season, Lammens played a total of 44 matches across all competitions, conceding 56 goals. He finished fifth in the league with his team. The goalkeeper kept his net clean in 10 matches. His market value is estimated at 9 million euros. This information is generating significant interest in the sports world, and Lammens's career is expected to develop further in the future.

The press service of Uzenergoinspektsiya reports that a case of illegal use of electric energy has been identified in the Navoi region. This was reported by Upl.uz. Control measures were carried out by the staff of the Navoi regional Uzenergoinspektsiya. During the event, the activities of the stone processing workshop of the "J. M." limited liability company located in the Nurata district of the region were inspected. The inspection revealed that this enterprise was illegally using electric energy, as the device measuring electricity consumption had not been registered in accordance with the established procedure. According to preliminary calculations, the amount of damage is estimated at 803.2 million soums. All collected materials regarding this case have been submitted to law enforcement agencies. Currently, preliminary investigation work is underway.

Tajikistan and Pakistan's relations are a complex and multifaceted diplomatic task. This was reported by Zamin.uz. Although promises regarding economic cooperation and regional relations are high, it is necessary to analyze them deeply. Despite the commonalities based on Islamic culture, the strategic interests and internal political situations of the two countries differ. Tajikistan should cautiously develop relations, taking into account Pakistan's internal problems and regional actions. The rise of religious extremism in Pakistan's military and political spheres raises concerns. The elevation of Asim Munir to the rank of field marshal in 2025 is seen as an important factor in this process. These changes pose a threat to Tajikistan's secular governance. Pakistan's politically driven approach based on religious extremism negatively impacts bilateral relations. Although the CASA-1000 project started in 2006 with great hopes, it has yet to be realized. Pakistan's delays in the project and resistance to the participation of Indian companies are weakening economic cooperation. Additionally, transit services through Pakistani ports are not sufficiently provided, and security issues also exist. Changes in Pakistan's territorial and religious policies, terrorism, and the activities of proxy groups pose a threat to Tajikistan's security. Attacks against Chinese citizens are increasing regional risks. Religious persecution in the Gilgit-Baltistan region may also pose a danger to Shia in Tajikistan. Pressure and blackmail methods are intensifying in Pakistan's foreign policy. This situation negatively affects Tajikistan's strategic autonomy and poses a risk to regional stability. Pakistan's disrespect for sovereignty diminishes its reliability. Therefore, Tajikistan must act cautiously to protect its strategic interests. Developing stable partnerships with India, China, Russia, and Europe is considered more reliable for Tajikistan. It is necessary to avoid deep integration with Pakistan. In today's complex global environment, the main criteria for cooperation are strategic interests and trust. Tajikistan's policy should be shaped based on national interests.

Former president of the Moscow football club, Yuri Belous, shared his thoughts on the activity of St. Petersburg's Zenit team in the transfer market. This was reported by Euro-football.ru. He expressed surprise upon hearing about the club's intention to acquire a forward from South America. According to Belous, the Zenit team should focus on strengthening its defense rather than boosting its attacking line. He also spoke about Sobolev's future. Emphasizing that Sobolev is a strong forward, he stated the necessity of keeping him in the team. He added that the new season will be important for Aleksandr. Last season, the 28-year-old player moved from Spartak to Zenit, scoring 7 goals and providing 3 assists in 32 matches across all competitions. The Transfermarkt portal values him at 6 million euros. During this season, Zenit added defender Roman Vega (Argentinos Juniors) and midfielder Jerson (Flamengo) to their ranks. These transfers are expected to play a significant role in the team's future activities.

Former Soviet Union national team and former CSKA player from the capital Vladimir Ponomaryov commented on the possibility of "Army" player Abbosbek Fayzullaev moving to Turkey's Istanbul Bashakshehir club. This was reported by Euro-football.ru. According to him, Fayzullaev can leave the team. Previously, he actively attacked the opponent's defense starting from his penalty area, played well in dribbling, and took shots. Now, however, he is not performing as he used to and is leaving himself too open. Ponomaryov assessed him as a quick player, but with few interesting aspects. Last season, the 21-year-old forward and midfielder played in 39 matches, scoring 3 goals and providing 8 assists. The Transfermarkt portal values his market price at 8 million euros. This information reflects the player's current state and future opportunities.

According to the press service of the Department of Criminal Affairs, a person receiving a bribe of 10 million soums has been arrested. This was reported by Upl.uz. During a special operation conducted in cooperation with the employees of the Kungrad district department, security services, and the internal affairs department, an employee of the district medical association was detained. This individual promised to assist another citizen in getting a job at this medical institution in exchange for an advance payment of 10 million soums. He received a total of 2500 US dollars for this service. A criminal case has been initiated under the articles of "Fraud" and "Assisting in Bribery" of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan regarding this case. The investigation process is ongoing. This case demonstrates the effectiveness of measures being taken to combat corruption in state agencies. Citizens are requested to report such cases immediately to the relevant authorities.

Napoli's new player Kevin de Bruyne was photographed in training wearing the number ten jersey. This was reported by Euro-football.ru. This photo was distributed by the "adzurri" press service. The Belgian player joined Napoli from Manchester City during the summer transfer window. He played for Manchester City for the past decade. The contract with Kevin de Bruyne is set until the summer of 2027. The transfer was made on a free agent basis. The Transfermarkt portal estimates the player's current market value at 20 million euros. Kevin de Bruyne has played 111 matches for the national team. Napoli won the Serie A championship last season and finished ahead of Inter Milan in the final round. This success further solidified the team's position in Italian football.

Valeriy Nepomnyashchiy expressed his opinion about Abbosbek Fayzullaev's potential transfer from the CSKA team in Moscow to the Istanbul Bashakshehir club in Turkey. This was reported by Euro-football.ru. He stated that he accepted this news with regret. According to Nepomnyashchiy, Fayzullaev fits very well with CSKA, and conversely, CSKA suits him as well. The Russian championship is not inferior to the Turkish championship and, in some aspects, is even superior. There are also many problems in the football sector in Turkey. Fayzullaev has been defending the honor of CSKA for two years. He previously transferred to CSKA from the Tashkent club "Pakhtakor." Last summer, Abbosbek participated in the World Championship with his national team. This information helps to better understand his activities and contributions to the teams. Overall, the player's future actions are of significant importance to the team and the fans.

Pavel Melyoshin, the forward of the Sochi team, shared his thoughts on the possibilities of returning to the Spartak club in the capital. This was reported by Euro-football.ru. He stated that he did not know what would happen when he left Spartak. He thought perhaps Sochi would want to buy him, or maybe Spartak would want to bring him back, but the situation turned out differently due to his injury. According to Melyoshin, he is currently playing under a permanent contract with Sochi and scored 11 goals in 18 matches in the Pari First League last season. He also played in 6 matches in the Russian Cup, scoring 2 goals. In response to the words of coach Oleg Romantsev expressing hope to return the player to Spartak, Melyoshin replied, "We'll see, life will show. For now, I can't say anything." Currently, the player is in the recovery process after a ligament injury in his knee. Updates on his health and return to the field will be announced later. Additionally, there is no specific information about the decisions Melyoshin will make in the future, but he is focusing on his health. The player needs time for a full recovery and to showcase himself.

Aleksandr Mostovoy commented on the new football position of Danila Krugovoy in the Moscow team CSKA – the winger position. This was reported by Euro-football.ru. He stated: if the player's abilities allow it, why not. The defense of the CSKA team is considered very strong, so Krugovoy could also be useful in the forward line. Mostovoy mentioned this to the publication "Sovetskiy sport." Krugovoy played in this position in the recent match of the OLIMPBET Russian Super Cup. In this match, the CSKA team defeated "Krasnodar" with a minimal score. Additionally, this game was the first official match for CSKA's new head coach Fabio Chelestini. Previously, Mostovoy had described him as an advantage compared to other coaches. This news could be of significant importance for the team's future successes.

Former CSKA team player Valeriy Masalitin commented on the information that the new head coach Fabio Chelesti has banned his students from consuming meat. This was reported by Euro-football.ru. According to him, such a decision came as a big surprise. For people who have always consumed meat, this restriction may lead to a lack of necessary vitamins and microelements in the body. As a result, there is a possibility of many injuries occurring. Swiss Fabio Chelesti was appointed as the head coach of the CSKA team in the summer. He replaced Serbian specialist Marko Nikolich, who moved to Greece's AEK club. Under the new coach, the "army men" won the Russia OLIMPBET Super Cup. Earlier, commentator Dmitriy Guberniev had expressed his opinion on Chelesti's ban. It was emphasized from within the team that this information was taken out of context. Thus, the issue of banning meat consumption is causing various debates among the team and specialists.

Last season, in 2024/25, the French club "PSG" won four trophies, one of the most significant being the victory in the UEFA Champions League. This was reported by Euro-football.ru. The online publication "Euro-Football.Ru" discusses the reasons why the team is currently considered the best in Europe, even though they lost in the final of the Club World Cup in 2025. Since 2012, "PSG" has won the French championship 11 times and has finished second twice. This statistic indicates long-term stability. The team's players approach Champions League matches mentally prepared for victory. Such a large number of championships is rare, as even a team with a big budget like "Manchester City" sometimes loses. In the Italian league, the winner changes every season, which further highlights "PSG"'s stability. The absence of star players has been a positive factor for head coach Luis Enrique. After the era of stars like Messi, Neymar, and Mbappe, the team has managed to become Champions League winners for the first time. Enrique had suggested that the team would start playing better after Mbappe's departure. Initially, he was laughed at, but now this specialist is being respected. After the stars left, attention turned to young players, and new talents like Zaire-Emery, Desire Doue, and Joao Neves emerged. The absence of players with big egos made the team more disciplined and combative. All players learned to actively participate in defense, which strengthened the team's defensive line. Financial stability and confidence in the future are also important factors in the team's success. The example of "Manchester United" shows that a large budget is not always a guarantee of success. "PSG" manages financial resources wisely, creating favorable working conditions for players and coaches. Qatari businessman Nasser al-Khelaifi is known as a very generous person. He offers huge bonuses to players, which boosts their motivation and encourages them to continue winning. Dmitriy Milyaev

Russian coach Igor Kolyvanov commented on the participation of St. Petersburg's "Zenit" team in the new Premier League season. This was reported by Euro-football.ru. He emphasized that "Zenit" has taken into account last year's mistakes this season and the team will make the necessary changes. Kolyvanov does not believe that "Zenit" will lose for two consecutive seasons and stated that they will utilize all their opportunities to secure the first place. According to the results of last season, "Zenit" was unable to become the Russian champion for the first time since 2019. In the Russian Cup, the team stopped at the final stage on the way to the Premier League and lost to CSKA Moscow in a penalty shootout. Kolyvanov highlighted Jerson as a key player for the "Zenit" team. He is considered an important player who contributes significantly to the team's success. Overall, in the coach's opinion, "Zenit" is ready to show strong results in the new season and will continue to fight for the championship.

The former general director of Moscow "Spartak," Yuri Zavarzin, believes that the "Army Men" team will achieve good results in the new season. This was reported by Euro-football.ru. In his opinion, the "CSKA" team can significantly improve its game. The players have started to understand coach Fabio Chelestini well. As a result of the Super Cup matches, it can be assumed that the "CSKA" team will compete for high positions. The defense play is also inspiring the team to achieve high places, Zavarzin said in an interview with "Match TV." Last season, under the leadership of head coach Marko Nikolić, "CSKA" secured third place in the Russian Premier League and won the Russian Cup. In the summer, the Serbian coach left the team, and Swiss Fabio Chelestini took his place. On July 12, under Chelestini's leadership, "CSKA" won the OLIMPBET Russian Super Cup in their official first match. Thus, the team is showcasing its strength under the new head coach, and high results can be expected in the upcoming season.

Apple presented its new flagship smartphones, the iPhone 17 Pro and iPhone 17 Pro Max models, in September. This was reported by Zamin.uz. These devices have been significantly updated not only in terms of internal capabilities but also in appearance. One of the biggest changes is that the rear camera module now spans the entire width of the body. The sensor layout remains the same as before, but the LiDAR and flash are now located on opposite sides. Apple has abandoned the titanium body and returned to an aluminum body. Aluminum dissipates heat 20 times more efficiently than before. The body is fully metal, with a Ceramic Shield glass area on the back for wireless charging. The front panel uses the new Ceramic Shield 2, which is three times stronger. Additionally, an anti-reflective coating has been applied to the screen surface. In terms of internal power, the new Apple A19 Pro chip is installed. It features a 6-core processor and a 6-core graphics processor, and with the second-generation Dynamic Caching technology, it operates 40% faster than before in long-lasting tasks. For the first time in Pro models, a vapor chamber cooling system has been introduced, with the aluminum body aiding this process. The camera system has also been significantly upgraded. Now there are full 48-megapixel main, ultra-wide, and telephoto cameras. The telephoto camera offers 8x optical zoom, as well as 4x mode and 3D stabilization functionality. The front camera is 18 megapixels and equipped with Center Stage technology. Additionally, video recording in ProRes RAW format has been added, which is an important innovation for those engaged in video editing. Regarding battery life, the iPhone 17 Pro model offers 33 hours of video playback, while the iPhone 17 Pro Max works for 39 hours. Charging the devices from 0 to 50 percent takes only 20 minutes. The prices are set as follows: iPhone 17 Pro at $1099, and iPhone 17 Pro Max at $1199. The devices will go on sale from September 19. The color options include Silver, Deep Blue, and Cosmic Orange. New TechWoven cases and Crossbody Strap accessories have been introduced. Whether Apple has truly reached the “Pro” level with these updates is a topic of discussion among users. The new models offer high levels of power and quality, which will help strengthen their position in the market.

A 23-year-old Ukrainian refugee, Irina Zarutska, was stabbed to death on a train in North Carolina. This was reported by Zamin.uz. The police arrested 34-year-old Decarlos Brown, who attacked the woman, and charged him with murder. The incident was recorded on video and widely shared on social media, causing significant public outrage. The city mayor called the incident a failure of the judicial system and promised measures to enhance safety on public transport. Zarutska's family stated that she had fled the war in 2022 and come to the United States, quickly adapting to her new life. She was interested in art, loved animals, and lived happily with her family. The incident also sparked political debates. Some criticized that Brown, despite having been previously convicted of serious crimes, had been released. The state leader called for more effective measures against crime. This event once again prompted discussions in society about safety and justice issues.

Apple company recently introduced the new iPhone 17 smartphone. This was reported by Zamin.uz. As a result of conversations with sellers at the "Malika" market in Tashkent, approximate prices for these new models have been determined. It has been revealed that iPhone 17 smartphones will be available for sale in Uzbekistan starting from September 23. Prices vary depending on the memory capacity and device features. For example, the 256 gigabyte model of the iPhone 17 is estimated to cost around 16 million 250 thousand soms. Models with larger memory capacity are priced higher. The iPhone 17 Pro and Pro Max versions have even more features and capabilities, with prices starting from 23 million soms and approaching 50 million soms. These new smartphones are expected to generate significant interest in the Uzbekistan market. Memory capacity and budget are important factors for buyers when choosing the most suitable option. Additionally, full warranty and service options are expected to be provided at official sales points. The release of the new iPhone 17 models in Uzbekistan will bring innovations and increase competition in the smartphone market.

Recently, many rumors have been spreading about the relationship between the famous Turkish actress Hande Erchel and entrepreneur Hakan Sabanji. This was reported by Zamin.uz. In particular, news about the couple's divorce has sparked great interest among fans. Hakan Sabanji, who spoke for the first time on the Gel Konuşalım program, responded to the claims regarding their relationship. Although he did not want to talk extensively about his personal life, he clarified some of the rumors. Hakan Sabanji emphasized that he does not want to discuss the issue of divorce because it concerns their private life. He also stated that the rumors about infidelity are completely unfounded. Earlier, Hande Erchel had deleted all photos with Sabanji from her social media pages. This became the basis for reports in the Turkish press about their divorce. The famous journalist Birsen Altuntaş highlighted that there are serious disagreements between the couple, but the official divorce has not yet occurred. Nevertheless, Hande and Hakan still follow each other on social media. While some fans hope for the restoration of their relationship, others speculate that this process might simply be publicity for the media.

Domenico Tedesco is one of the main candidates for the position of head coach of the Fenerbahce team. This was reported by Euro-football.ru. The Turkish club is searching for a new head coach after parting ways with Portuguese coach Jose Mourinho. The "Canaries" management has shortlisted Tedesco's name, and the Italian specialist has expressed his readiness to take this position, according to the well-known journalist Nicolo Schira. If everything goes according to plan, the 39-year-old specialist will sign a contract with the major Istanbul club until 2027. Domenico Tedesco's most recent job was with the Belgium national team, where he served as head coach from February 2023 to January 2025. Previously, he worked at major clubs such as RB Leipzig, Moscow Spartak, and Schalke 04. His coaching experience and work with big teams could be a great opportunity for Fenerbahce. The club aims to achieve future successes with the new coach.

An unusual and interesting event took place in the city of Szekszárd, Hungary – the 18th International Grave Digging Championship. This was reported by Zamin.uz. This competition was organized by the country's Grave Diggers Association based on a clear plan and order. The event served to enhance the prestige of the profession. Participants took part in teams of two. They were given two hours. During this time, each team had to dig a grave measuring 200x80 centimeters and 160 centimeters deep. These rules required not only skill but also attention and speed from the participants. At the end of the championship, the Parakletosz Nonprofit team was declared the winner. This team won the championship for the second consecutive year, demonstrating their thorough preparation and high professional level. According to the organizers, such competitions not only raise the prestige of the profession but also introduce the younger generation to professional specialists up close. They also help participants develop teamwork skills and the ability to work in a healthy competitive environment. These events are of great importance for improving professional qualifications and further developing the field.

Famous footballer Edgar Davids, who played for Juventus in past years, learned that his acquaintance Nabila Habibi committed theft. This was reported by Euro-football.ru. The ad.nl portal provided information about this. According to the publication, Davids found out several years later that his painting collection had been stolen. He had entrusted the collection to a trusted person. For a while, Habibi also lived in his house. While Davids believed the collection was kept in a safe place, Habibi stole 37 paintings, pawned them at various pawnshops, and received approximately 30 thousand euros. In 2017, when Habibi was unable to repay her debts, the pawnshops gained the right to sell the paintings. One of the buyers saw Davids' name on the back of a painting and contacted him through social networks. After that, Davids filed a lawsuit. Habibi admitted to the theft. Earlier, she had faced problems related to criminal cases and had left her acquaintance after taking 3500 euros from him.

The general secondary education system in Uzbekistan is undergoing fundamental changes. This was reported by Upl.uz. The country has officially begun implementing a 12-year education model. This was announced by the press service of the Ministry of Preschool and School Education. In the near future, a normative legal document confirming these innovations is expected to be signed. This decision was made as part of a comprehensive program to reform the education sector. The program was presented to the president on September 8 and envisions a systematic renewal of all stages from preschool to higher education. The transition to 12-year education is being carried out to align with international experience. The results of the PISA study conducted in 2022 showed that in 85% of countries considered leaders in education, the number of school years is exactly 12. The introduction of the new model will allow adapting curricula to international standards and also enable students to be well-prepared for subsequent stages of education and vocational training. The updated system structure will be as follows: the first year is designated as a preparatory stage for 6-year-old children, which is considered part of primary education. Primary education will last a total of 5 years, including 1 year of preparation and 4 years of primary school. The next stage is basic general secondary education, covering grades 5 to 9 and lasting 5 years. The final 2 years constitute complete general secondary education, which will be conducted in schools, academic lyceums, specialized military schools, or technical colleges. To ensure a smooth transition process and create the necessary infrastructure, about 3,600 new schools will be built and more than a thousand state kindergartens will be opened. It is precisely in these institutions that the updated preparatory program for the youngest students will be piloted. An interesting point is that information about the transition to 12-year education had been actively discussed on social networks since 2023. However, at that time, the Ministry of Preschool and School Education officially denied these claims, emphasizing that the 11-year education system was in effect. The current decision shows that approaches at the state level have been reconsidered and there is political will to implement large-scale reforms. In the history of independent Uzbekistan, a 12-year education system has existed before. From 2010 to 2017, education was organized based on a 9+3 scheme, where students who completed grade 9 were required to continue their studies at vocational colleges and academic lyceums.