In recent years, the labor migration of Uzbek citizens to foreign countries has significantly increased. According to a report published by the Central Bank, in 2024, the external mobility of the population increased by 29 percent, reaching 6.2 million citizens who went abroad. This growth is also explained by the fact that international remittances reached 14.9 billion dollars.
Migration to European Union countries
In recent years, the migration of Uzbeks to the European Union has been increasing. In particular, in 2023, the number of permits in Europe reached 31.8 thousand, of which 22.4 thousand were issued for other purposes, and 9.4 thousand were issued for work.
The countries with the highest migration are as follows:
- Poland – 21 percent of the visas issued by the European Union;
- Lithuania – 17 percent;
- Germany – 16 percent;
- Latvia – 7 percent.
Additionally, the United Kingdom remains one of the important countries for seasonal labor migration. The seasonal visas issued by this country accounted for nearly 13 percent of all seasonal visas. In 2023, the UK issued 4,094 visas to Uzbek citizens.
Migration to South Korea
In 2024, the number of Uzbek residents in South Korea reached 89.7 thousand. This figure decreased after reaching its peak in 2019 and began to rise again from 2021. The migration of Uzbek citizens to Korea is based on labor contracts, primarily related to employment in the manufacturing and construction sectors.
Migration to Turkey
Labor migration to Turkey is also increasing. In 2024, the number of residence permits issued to Uzbek citizens reached 57.9 thousand. This figure has increased compared to 2023, indicating a growing interest from Uzbeks in this country. At the same time, irregular migration has slightly decreased. This indicates a trend towards seeking long-term employment opportunities.
Migration to Russia and Kazakhstan
Although the migration of Uzbeks to Europe, South Korea, and Turkey is increasing, the main migration destinations remain Russia and Kazakhstan. Most Uzbek migrants prefer to work in these countries. The main reasons for this include:
- Ease of finding jobs;
- Demand in the labor market;
- Cultural and linguistic proximity.
Additionally, the volume of remittances to these countries is also high, making it one of the important factors ensuring economic stability.
In 2024, the labor migration of Uzbek citizens continues to grow. While the European Union, South Korea, and Turkey have become new important destinations, Russia and Kazakhstan still attract the largest labor force. With the increase in labor migration, the volume of international remittances is also significantly rising, positively impacting the economy of Uzbekistan.
