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A significant scientific discovery has been made at the University of Gießen in Germany. This was reported by Zamin.uz. A team led by Professor Peter Shrayner, who works in the field of organic chemistry, has synthesized a new substance called hexazotene (N6), which consists of six nitrogen atoms. This substance has a high energy capacity and stands out for its energy superiority over currently available fuels. Scientific research shows that hexazotene may be widely used in the future as an ecological and efficient rocket fuel. According to Professor Shrayner, this discovery could have great significance not only in astronomy and the rocket industry but also in the defense sector. At the same time, additional funding and extensive research are necessary to ensure the practical application of the substance. If financial support is provided in a timely manner, the first rocket flight based on hexazotene could be achieved within the next 3-5 years. This discovery not only creates new opportunities in the fields of science and technology but also represents an important step for humanity in paving the way for an ecologically sustainable future. Hexazotene is likely to play a significant role in future global energy strategies. This news is expected to be discussed in the scientific community for many years and may lead humanity to a new revolutionary phase. Over time, all of this will become clear.

On August 3, a concert by the world-famous singer Jennifer Lopes took place in Yerevan. This was reported by Upl.uz. The artist received a fee of 7 million dollars for this concert. More than 15,000 foreign guests attended the event. The city mayor emphasized that the funds should justify themselves. According to him, if each tourist spends at least 500 dollars in Yerevan, the city will earn a total of 7.5 million dollars. Considering the prices in hotels and other expenses, guests may spend approximately between 500 and 700 dollars in the city area. Additionally, Jennifer Lopes's concert could have also been held in Moscow. However, the singer rejected this offer due to high reputation risks. As a result, she missed out on 1 million dollars in revenue. The artist may wish to hold a concert in the future, but only after the special military operation is completed. It is worth noting that Jennifer Lopes will also perform at the "Bunyodkor" stadium in Tashkent on August 7. The stadium can accommodate 35,000 people.

Former “Dinamo” football player Oleg Terexin shared his thoughts on the game of Moscow's “Spartak” team. This was reported by Euro-football.ru. According to Oleg Terexin, there are problems in the “Spartak” team. He emphasized that despite the club spending a lot of money, the expected results are not there. Terexin stated that something is going wrong in the team. According to him, head coach Dejan Stankovich's emotions during the game are also affecting the players. In the expert's opinion, the “Spartak” team needs to pay serious attention to its discipline. This is because there have been many cases of red cards in a short period, which negatively affects the team's performance. In the first three rounds of the Russian championship, “Spartak,” led by Dejan Stankovich, scored only two goals and collected four points. During this period, three players from the “red-whites” were sent off the field. On August 9, “Spartak” will face the current leader of the Russian championship — the “Lokomotiv” team. This match is expected to be an important test for the team. Experts believe that “Spartak” needs to improve its game and discipline against a strong opponent ahead.

The goalkeeper of the "Real Madrid" football club, Andrey Lunin, has always been in the spotlight of the media. This was reported by Euro-football.ru. The reason is that when the main goalkeeper Thibaut Courtois is healthy, Lunin often remains on the bench and plays rarely. Recently, journalists released a video featuring Andrey Lunin. In it, the player is seen sitting in a car distributing autographs to fans. During the conversation, Lunin expressed his decision regarding his future and stated that he wants to stay with "Real Madrid." At the beginning of this week, the "Real Madrid" players started preparations for the new season. In the first round of La Liga, the team led by Xabi Alonso will host the "Osasuna" club. The match will take place on August 19, Tuesday. Up to this day, Andrey Lunin has participated in 62 official matches for "Real Madrid" and has conceded 70 goals during this period. The goalkeeper has gained the attention of many fans with his hard work and determination. Lunin aims to be beneficial for the team in the upcoming season as well.

Famous football commentator Gennady Orlov recently expressed his surprise at the comments made by "Zenit" player Maksim Glushenkov's father, Aleksandr Glushenkov. This was reported by Euro-football.ru. In his interview, the player's father mentioned that if Maksim is substituted every time during the break, he might consider changing teams. This situation occurred during the away game against "Rubin." In the next PFL match, against CSKA, Glushenkov did not start and only joined the game from the bench in the 84th minute. Orlov emphasized that he was surprised by this interview and called for the father to reflect on his son's situation in the team. In his opinion, every player should first demand from themselves, not overestimate their abilities, and prioritize the team's interests. Orlov stated that the competition within the "Zenit" squad is very strong, and every player must work hard to maintain their position. He also advised Glushenkov to stop frequently changing teams and to work harder on himself. "Zenit" has collected five points in the first three rounds of the current season. In the next round, the team led by Sergey Semak will play away against "Akhat."

Apple is developing its own artificial intelligence-based response system. This was reported by Zamin.uz. According to TechCrunch, this system works similarly to products from Google and OpenAI. The new "AI response mechanism" will be directly integrated into the iPhone and other services in the Apple ecosystem. It is expected to provide accurate and contextually relevant answers to users' questions in real-time. This project represents the next phase of the Apple Intelligence initiative and could further enhance the company's independence in the field of artificial intelligence. So far, Apple has not made an official statement about this, but it is known that the company has been making significant investments in artificial intelligence in recent months. Experts emphasize that the new system will compete with platforms like Google Search and ChatGPT. Apple plans to integrate its response system with the Siri assistant and present it as a "fully personal assistant" in the iOS system. This innovation will help provide users with more convenient and efficient services.

Argentinian midfielder Ezequiel Barco is currently playing for the Spartak team, and it has been reported that he is not in negotiations with South American clubs. This was reported by Euro-football.ru. This news was announced by journalist Pablo Oliveira on his social media page. According to the source, the situation around Barco is calm at the moment, and there are no rumors about his departure from Spartak or a transfer to another team. Previously, Brazil's Flamengo club attempted to purchase Barco, but Spartak rejected this offer. The offer amount was equivalent to 15 million euros. This season, 26-year-old Barco has played in four matches in the Russian championship and the Russian cup, but he has not yet managed to score or provide an assist. At the same time, there is currently no clear information about the player's future. Spartak's management is not planning any changes regarding the player for now. Barco continues to train with the team, and a transfer to another team is not currently anticipated.

A new era of technology has begun. This was reported by Zamin.uz. Major companies in the field of artificial intelligence have accelerated its development very quickly. For this reason, broad discussions about the legal status of artificial intelligence systems are starting worldwide. Recently, a draft law presented by the European Union Commission detailed the responsibilities, ethical boundaries, and interactions of artificial intelligence systems with humans. In the United States, several startups, including "Humane AI" and Elon Musk's "xAI," are working on advanced artificial intelligence that can communicate like humans. Additionally, the Japanese government is planning to assign special identification numbers to artificial intelligence robots. Since these robots are capable of independently performing certain tasks in society, their legal status is considered necessary to regulate. Experts evaluate this as a stage of a new industrial revolution. International organizations are conducting urgent research on the impact of artificial intelligence on human rights and the threat to jobs. These processes are causing significant changes in social and legal fields alongside technological advancement. The role of artificial intelligence systems in society and their legal status are expected to be regulated more clearly and perfectly in the future.

Recently, the world's most expensive Labubu toy was sold at a record price on the American eBay trading platform. This was reported by Zamin.uz. This toy was sold for $10,500, which is approximately 134 million soums. This unique toy is part of "The Monsters" series produced in collaboration between China's Pop Mart company and the famous skateboard clothing brand Vans. The collection series, presented in 2023, was initially sold at a low price of around $85. However, due to its rarity, unique appearance, and popularity on social media, its price significantly increased in resale. The most expensive version of Labubu is in a serif-brown color and features a skateboarder style. It is adorned with a baseball cap, a brightly colored printed shirt, green cargo pants popular among youth, and modern sneakers. This unique appearance has brought it great attention and appreciation. This toy is in high demand among collectors and is considered a valuable product for enthusiasts. Source: Peopletalk

Famous commentator Gennady Orlov, as a fan of the "Zenit" team, expressed his opinion about the attacking midfielder Maksim Glushenkov of the St. Petersburg club. This was reported by Euro-football.ru. In the match between "Zenit" and "CSKA" held on Sunday, Glushenkov was substituted in the 84th minute. Prior to that, he had been replaced after the first half in the Premier League game. According to Orlov, head coach Sergey Semak is right to leave Glushenkov out of the starting lineup. He stated that after coming onto the field, Glushenkov wasted two attacks and made two inaccurate passes. The first pass went to an opponent's player, while the second reached his teammate in an awkward manner. These situations hindered the team's ability to effectively finish their attacks. Recently, Maksim Glushenkov's father also gave an interview, stating that if his son leaves the field after the first half every time, he might consider transferring to another club. It is worth noting that "Zenit" played against "CSKA" at home, and the match ended in a 1:1 draw. This result was not what "Zenit" fans and the team expected.

On Monday, the "Barcelona" team held a friendly match against the "Tegu" team as part of their pre-season preparations. This was reported by Euro-football.ru. In the 65th minute of the match, the Catalan players scored their fifth goal, bringing the score to 0:5. The author of this goal was forward Markus Reshford. This goal is the first scored by the English player in the "Barcelona" squad. It is worth noting that recently "Barcelona" signed 27-year-old Reshford on loan with an option to buy from "Manchester United". You can follow the detailed text commentary of the match through the LiveResult portal. For your information, "Barcelona" will face "Mallorca" away on August 16 in the first round of the Spanish championship. The debut of the club's new player Markus Reshford was an exciting event for fans. During the match, "Barcelona" demonstrated clear dominance, scoring consecutive goals against the opponent's goal. The team is actively continuing preparations for the new season. Fans are eagerly awaiting the upcoming official matches.

“Chelsea” football club defender Marc Cucurella is expected to sign a new employment contract with the team soon. This was reported by Euro-football.ru. Several sources have reported this. According to the information, the 27-year-old Spanish player is ready to sign a long-term new contract with “Chelsea”. Club head coach Enzo Mareska sees Cucurella as an important player in his project. For this reason, the “Chelsea” management has rejected several offers from other clubs to sell the player during the current summer transfer window. Marc Cucurella has been with “Chelsea” since 2022. Last season, he played a total of 54 matches across all competitions, scoring seven goals and providing four assists. His staying in the team is emphasized to be of great importance for the club. Signing a new contract for Cucurella will also play a significant role in “Chelsea”'s plans for the near future.

A truck loaded with mobile gadgets from Samsung was stolen near Heathrow Airport in London. This was reported by Zamin.uz. According to Yonhap news agency, nearly 12,000 devices were lost. The stolen products include the latest generation Galaxy Z Flip 7 and Fold 7 foldable smartphones, Galaxy S25 model, Galaxy Watch 8 smartwatches, as well as the budget-friendly Galaxy A16 smartphones. The total value of the lost products is estimated to be around 10.6 million dollars. According to police, this theft was premeditated, and the truck was taken almost immediately after arriving at the airport. The British police have launched an investigation into the incident and have managed to locate the stolen container. However, there is currently no information on whether the stolen smartphones are actually inside the container. This incident has caused significant financial damage to Samsung, raising the need to strengthen security measures. The police and airport authorities are continuing to thoroughly investigate the incident and take action against those responsible. Additional information regarding the incident will be announced as it becomes available

Regular chants insulting the "Zenit" football club are heard in Russian stadiums. This was reported by Euro-football.ru. In these chants, the Petersburg team is referred to as the disgrace of Russian football. In this regard, the chairman of the board of the "Zenit" club, Alexander Medvedev, commented. According to Alexander Medvedev, these chants are meaningless and inappropriate. He also mentioned that the relevant organizations should take necessary measures regarding the penalties for such actions. He stated that the club will officially respond to such situations and will appeal to the responsible authorities to resolve the issue. Currently, the "Zenit" football club is in sixth place in the Russian Premier League standings. Under the leadership of head coach Sergey Semak, the team has collected five points by the end of the third round. In the next round, "Zenit" will face the "Akhmat" club away. Achieving high results during the season is important for the club. Therefore, there is great responsibility on the management and players.

Unexpected events in European football are causing significant changes in the activities of teams. This was reported by Zamin.uz. The incident involving Ireland's “Kerri” club has sparked major debates within the local sports community. According to reports, Zimbabwe national team defender Takudzva Marudzu was accused of stealing food from a local supermarket after arriving in Ireland. The club management took this situation seriously and decided to terminate the player's contract to avoid damaging the team's reputation. Additionally, the young goalkeeper from Madagascar, who was said to have assisted Marudzu, was also expelled from the team. The club management emphasized that “Kerri” prioritizes working with not only talented but also disciplined and honest players. The 21-year-old Marudzu is considered an experienced defender who previously played for England's “Huddersfield” team and participated in the World Cup qualifiers with the Zimbabwe national team. However, his personal indiscipline has overshadowed his achievements. This incident has led to various opinions not only within the club but also among Irish fans. While some highlight the difficulties young players face in adapting to a new country, others stress the necessity of strict adherence to laws and regulations. In any case, players must adhere to ethical standards. As a result, “Kerri” club decided to form its squad based not only on skill but also on human qualities and proper behavior. This indicates that the importance of discipline and ethical standards is increasingly recognized among teams in Europe. It has been reaffirmed that football should encompass not only the game and results but also human values and respect.

Famous coach Yuri Syomin expressed his opinion about the best match of the current Premier League season. This was reported by Euro-football.ru. According to the former head coach of Lokomotiv, the match between Zenit and CSKA was the best game. This match took place on Sunday at the Gazprom Arena stadium and ended in a 1:1 draw. In Syomin's words, this match was the highest quality game held in the championship to date. He emphasized that the draw result was fair. The actions of several players in the CSKA squad, particularly goalkeeper Igor Akinfeev, as well as the individual performances of Moises and Matvey Kislyak, were highly praised. In the match, CSKA took the lead in the first half with a goal scored by Aleksandro. This was the first goal for the Brazilian player in the Moscow team. In the second half, the Zenit team equalized with a penalty goal. The penalty was scored by Aleksandr Sobolev. Currently, both Zenit and CSKA have collected five points in three rounds. The championship leader is the Lokomotiv team, which has nine points.

Joby Aviation has reached an agreement to acquire the air taxi service of Blade Air Mobility, according to TechCrunch. This was reported by Zamin.uz. Through this deal, Joby will take control of Blade Air Mobility's passenger transport infrastructure in major cities such as New York, Miami, and Los Angeles. This aligns with the company's strategy to develop and expand urban air transport. As part of the agreement, Blade Air Mobility's direct passenger transport services, including Blade Airport and Blade MediMobility services, will be under Joby's control. Joby plans to integrate its electric vertical takeoff and landing technologies with the existing infrastructure through this acquisition. The deal is expected to be finalized by the end of 2025, but financial details have not yet been disclosed. Experts assess this acquisition as a significant step aimed at further strengthening Joby's position in the air mobility market. This process is expected to have a significant impact on the development of intercity and urban air transport.

The Surgut city court issued a verdict against a woman who is a citizen of the Republic of Uzbekistan for participating in a complex drug distribution scheme. This was reported by Upl.uz. The woman was found guilty of committing seven crimes related to illegal drug trafficking. The court sentenced her to 14 years and 6 months of imprisonment. The sentence will be served in a general regime penal colony. So far, this court decision has not entered into legal force. According to the investigation results, from August to November 2022, the accused coordinated activities in an organized group engaged in drug sales. Her main task was to manage the network of couriers and provide them with information about the hiding places of prohibited substances. The funds obtained from drug sales were transferred to her personal bank card. This case is another incident related to drug trafficking, which is attracting the attention of law enforcement agencies not only in Russia but also internationally. As the fight against drug distribution is being intensified globally, U.S. President Donald Trump's administration has repeatedly announced plans to impose economic sanctions on countries that do not take adequate measures against drug trafficking. The situation of illegal drug circulation remains complex in many regions of the world. In this area, cooperation between states is of significant importance in effectively combating organized crime. Uzbekistan is also taking a number of measures to strengthen the national fight against drug crime. The national strategy adopted in May 2024 against drug addiction and drug crime is a clear evidence of this. According to the Russian State Anti-Narcotics Committee's data from 2022, among foreign citizens held accountable for drug-related crimes, the share of Uzbeks constituted 18.3 percent. This figure indicates that there are pressing issues in the fight against drug crimes among our citizens.

An experienced specialist in the field of football, Nikolay Naumov, expressed his opinion on the possible dismissal of Deyan Stankovich, the head coach of the "Spartak" team. This was reported by Euro-football.ru. According to him, it is too early to talk about this topic. At the end of the first round, the "red-whites" are in 11th place in the Russian championship standings and have managed to accumulate four points from matches against less prestigious opponents. Naumov emphasized that even strong teams can sometimes start the championship unsuccessfully. He recalled that last season the "Krasnodar" team also did not show good results at the beginning but later became champions. For this reason, he stated that it is not right to talk about dismissing the head coach at this time. He also noted that there is nervousness within the "Spartak" coaching staff, which is negatively affecting the players. In his opinion, time and patience are necessary to resolve internal team issues. Naumov stressed the importance of not rushing to evaluate results and showing confidence in the coach and players.

Tesla is seeking approval from its shareholders for a $29 billion compensation package for CEO Elon Musk. This was reported by Zamin.uz. This amount is approximately equal to 377 trillion soums. This proposal is being made against the backdrop of strong competition in the field of artificial intelligence. The company plans to offer Musk a significant reward to retain him within its ranks. The proposed compensation mainly consists of stock options, which Musk will receive upon achieving certain financial metrics. According to Tesla's management, Musk's leadership is crucial for transforming the company into a global leader in artificial intelligence and robotics. Due to the previous compensation plan scheduled for 2024 being canceled by the court, the company is preparing a new proposal to present to shareholders. The voting process is expected to take place in the coming weeks. This decision could have a significant impact on Tesla's management strategy. The goal of the company's management is to maintain leadership in advanced technologies

Apple presented its new flagship smartphones, the iPhone 17 Pro and iPhone 17 Pro Max models, in September. This was reported by Zamin.uz. These devices have been significantly updated not only in terms of internal capabilities but also in appearance. One of the biggest changes is that the rear camera module now spans the entire width of the body. The sensor layout remains the same as before, but the LiDAR and flash are now located on opposite sides. Apple has abandoned the titanium body and returned to an aluminum body. Aluminum dissipates heat 20 times more efficiently than before. The body is fully metal, with a Ceramic Shield glass area on the back for wireless charging. The front panel uses the new Ceramic Shield 2, which is three times stronger. Additionally, an anti-reflective coating has been applied to the screen surface. In terms of internal power, the new Apple A19 Pro chip is installed. It features a 6-core processor and a 6-core graphics processor, and with the second-generation Dynamic Caching technology, it operates 40% faster than before in long-lasting tasks. For the first time in Pro models, a vapor chamber cooling system has been introduced, with the aluminum body aiding this process. The camera system has also been significantly upgraded. Now there are full 48-megapixel main, ultra-wide, and telephoto cameras. The telephoto camera offers 8x optical zoom, as well as 4x mode and 3D stabilization functionality. The front camera is 18 megapixels and equipped with Center Stage technology. Additionally, video recording in ProRes RAW format has been added, which is an important innovation for those engaged in video editing. Regarding battery life, the iPhone 17 Pro model offers 33 hours of video playback, while the iPhone 17 Pro Max works for 39 hours. Charging the devices from 0 to 50 percent takes only 20 minutes. The prices are set as follows: iPhone 17 Pro at $1099, and iPhone 17 Pro Max at $1199. The devices will go on sale from September 19. The color options include Silver, Deep Blue, and Cosmic Orange. New TechWoven cases and Crossbody Strap accessories have been introduced. Whether Apple has truly reached the “Pro” level with these updates is a topic of discussion among users. The new models offer high levels of power and quality, which will help strengthen their position in the market.

A 23-year-old Ukrainian refugee, Irina Zarutska, was stabbed to death on a train in North Carolina. This was reported by Zamin.uz. The police arrested 34-year-old Decarlos Brown, who attacked the woman, and charged him with murder. The incident was recorded on video and widely shared on social media, causing significant public outrage. The city mayor called the incident a failure of the judicial system and promised measures to enhance safety on public transport. Zarutska's family stated that she had fled the war in 2022 and come to the United States, quickly adapting to her new life. She was interested in art, loved animals, and lived happily with her family. The incident also sparked political debates. Some criticized that Brown, despite having been previously convicted of serious crimes, had been released. The state leader called for more effective measures against crime. This event once again prompted discussions in society about safety and justice issues.

Apple company recently introduced the new iPhone 17 smartphone. This was reported by Zamin.uz. As a result of conversations with sellers at the "Malika" market in Tashkent, approximate prices for these new models have been determined. It has been revealed that iPhone 17 smartphones will be available for sale in Uzbekistan starting from September 23. Prices vary depending on the memory capacity and device features. For example, the 256 gigabyte model of the iPhone 17 is estimated to cost around 16 million 250 thousand soms. Models with larger memory capacity are priced higher. The iPhone 17 Pro and Pro Max versions have even more features and capabilities, with prices starting from 23 million soms and approaching 50 million soms. These new smartphones are expected to generate significant interest in the Uzbekistan market. Memory capacity and budget are important factors for buyers when choosing the most suitable option. Additionally, full warranty and service options are expected to be provided at official sales points. The release of the new iPhone 17 models in Uzbekistan will bring innovations and increase competition in the smartphone market.

Recently, many rumors have been spreading about the relationship between the famous Turkish actress Hande Erchel and entrepreneur Hakan Sabanji. This was reported by Zamin.uz. In particular, news about the couple's divorce has sparked great interest among fans. Hakan Sabanji, who spoke for the first time on the Gel Konuşalım program, responded to the claims regarding their relationship. Although he did not want to talk extensively about his personal life, he clarified some of the rumors. Hakan Sabanji emphasized that he does not want to discuss the issue of divorce because it concerns their private life. He also stated that the rumors about infidelity are completely unfounded. Earlier, Hande Erchel had deleted all photos with Sabanji from her social media pages. This became the basis for reports in the Turkish press about their divorce. The famous journalist Birsen Altuntaş highlighted that there are serious disagreements between the couple, but the official divorce has not yet occurred. Nevertheless, Hande and Hakan still follow each other on social media. While some fans hope for the restoration of their relationship, others speculate that this process might simply be publicity for the media.

Domenico Tedesco is one of the main candidates for the position of head coach of the Fenerbahce team. This was reported by Euro-football.ru. The Turkish club is searching for a new head coach after parting ways with Portuguese coach Jose Mourinho. The "Canaries" management has shortlisted Tedesco's name, and the Italian specialist has expressed his readiness to take this position, according to the well-known journalist Nicolo Schira. If everything goes according to plan, the 39-year-old specialist will sign a contract with the major Istanbul club until 2027. Domenico Tedesco's most recent job was with the Belgium national team, where he served as head coach from February 2023 to January 2025. Previously, he worked at major clubs such as RB Leipzig, Moscow Spartak, and Schalke 04. His coaching experience and work with big teams could be a great opportunity for Fenerbahce. The club aims to achieve future successes with the new coach.

An unusual and interesting event took place in the city of Szekszárd, Hungary – the 18th International Grave Digging Championship. This was reported by Zamin.uz. This competition was organized by the country's Grave Diggers Association based on a clear plan and order. The event served to enhance the prestige of the profession. Participants took part in teams of two. They were given two hours. During this time, each team had to dig a grave measuring 200x80 centimeters and 160 centimeters deep. These rules required not only skill but also attention and speed from the participants. At the end of the championship, the Parakletosz Nonprofit team was declared the winner. This team won the championship for the second consecutive year, demonstrating their thorough preparation and high professional level. According to the organizers, such competitions not only raise the prestige of the profession but also introduce the younger generation to professional specialists up close. They also help participants develop teamwork skills and the ability to work in a healthy competitive environment. These events are of great importance for improving professional qualifications and further developing the field.

Famous footballer Edgar Davids, who played for Juventus in past years, learned that his acquaintance Nabila Habibi committed theft. This was reported by Euro-football.ru. The ad.nl portal provided information about this. According to the publication, Davids found out several years later that his painting collection had been stolen. He had entrusted the collection to a trusted person. For a while, Habibi also lived in his house. While Davids believed the collection was kept in a safe place, Habibi stole 37 paintings, pawned them at various pawnshops, and received approximately 30 thousand euros. In 2017, when Habibi was unable to repay her debts, the pawnshops gained the right to sell the paintings. One of the buyers saw Davids' name on the back of a painting and contacted him through social networks. After that, Davids filed a lawsuit. Habibi admitted to the theft. Earlier, she had faced problems related to criminal cases and had left her acquaintance after taking 3500 euros from him.

The general secondary education system in Uzbekistan is undergoing fundamental changes. This was reported by Upl.uz. The country has officially begun implementing a 12-year education model. This was announced by the press service of the Ministry of Preschool and School Education. In the near future, a normative legal document confirming these innovations is expected to be signed. This decision was made as part of a comprehensive program to reform the education sector. The program was presented to the president on September 8 and envisions a systematic renewal of all stages from preschool to higher education. The transition to 12-year education is being carried out to align with international experience. The results of the PISA study conducted in 2022 showed that in 85% of countries considered leaders in education, the number of school years is exactly 12. The introduction of the new model will allow adapting curricula to international standards and also enable students to be well-prepared for subsequent stages of education and vocational training. The updated system structure will be as follows: the first year is designated as a preparatory stage for 6-year-old children, which is considered part of primary education. Primary education will last a total of 5 years, including 1 year of preparation and 4 years of primary school. The next stage is basic general secondary education, covering grades 5 to 9 and lasting 5 years. The final 2 years constitute complete general secondary education, which will be conducted in schools, academic lyceums, specialized military schools, or technical colleges. To ensure a smooth transition process and create the necessary infrastructure, about 3,600 new schools will be built and more than a thousand state kindergartens will be opened. It is precisely in these institutions that the updated preparatory program for the youngest students will be piloted. An interesting point is that information about the transition to 12-year education had been actively discussed on social networks since 2023. However, at that time, the Ministry of Preschool and School Education officially denied these claims, emphasizing that the 11-year education system was in effect. The current decision shows that approaches at the state level have been reconsidered and there is political will to implement large-scale reforms. In the history of independent Uzbekistan, a 12-year education system has existed before. From 2010 to 2017, education was organized based on a 9+3 scheme, where students who completed grade 9 were required to continue their studies at vocational colleges and academic lyceums.